Diabetic Neuropathy

Diabetic Neuropathy is a slowly developing condition caused by the disease state diabetes.  It can affect people with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and may even be present before patients are diagnosed with diabetes.   This condition is the result of nerve damage and when it occurs in the extremities, it is called diabetic peripheral neuropathy.  It most commonly occurs in the hands and feet, but can appear in locations throughout the body depending on the patient.   Symptoms can appear in these regions of the body can vary widely , however the most common are; numbness, hot burning sensation, pins and needles, muscle weakness, or like an electrical shock.  Diabetic Neuropathy is sometimes confused with peripheral artery disease, which is poor circulation in the blood vessels rather than a nerve condition.

Although the exact cause of why the nerve damage occurs is still unknown, there are multiple theories that involve high levels of blood sugar (glucose).  Patients with uncontrolled blood sugars are more at risk for developing it, although those who have very well controlled blood sugars can still develop Diabetic Neuropathy.   Also its’ incidence of may be increased in people who have had diabetes for many years.

The best method of treatment is prevention.  It is recommended that patients with diabetes continually check their blood sugars regularly as directed by their physicians.  Also, it is important to have a twice yearly check of their A1c.  The A1c gives patient’s healthcare providers a big picture view of how well their blood sugar is being regulated, where as a daily blood sugar log gives the day-to-day information.  Different home meters can be purchased to check these important values.  It is also important for diabetic patients to have regular check-ups with their primary care doctors and have yearly foot and eye exams.  A healthy diet and regular exercise is always a great way to help the body, and may prevent the occurrence of Diabetic Neuropathy. When these methods are not enough, prescription treatment is a may be an option for keeping blood sugars within normal ranges.

Providing pain relief to this population is very difficult and very patient specific.  A treatment that works for one person may not work for another.  In cases of patients with extremely painful cases of Diabetic Neuropathy, a wide array of prescription drugs are used, some including opioids, antidepressants, and anti-seizure medications.  It is important that patients work with their physicians and pharmacists as a team to find a treatment that is unique to them.  Certain treatments can be compound to act more specifically and in different ways that are not commercially available at other pharmacies.  It is important to recognize and understand your options, while working with your healthcare team to treat Diabetic Neuropathy.